~e; Electromagnetic News & Views #99
From
brian carroll <human@electronetwork.org>
Date
Thu, 8 Apr 2004 13:03:03 -0500
===================================================
Electromagnetic News & Views -- #99
===================================================
00) Electronetwork.org Commentary (4/08/2004)
01) Top Stories of Electromagnetism
02) Electromagnetic health & safety
03) Electromagnetic trash & treasure
04) Electromagnetic security & surveillance
05) Electromagnetic power & energy
06) Electromagnetic current & human affairs
07) Electromagnetic transport & communication
08) Electromagnetic matter & information
09) Electromagnetic trends & inventions
10) Electromagnetic weaponry & warfare
11) Electromagnetic business & economics
12) Electromagnetic artworks & artifacts
===================================================
00) --commentary-- urls...
===================================================
01) --top stories--
---------------------------------------------------
Quick flip of Earth's magnetic field revealed // global bit-flipping...
<http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99994865>
'The Earth's magnetic field takes an average of only 7000 years to
reverse its polarity, but the switch happens much more quickly near the
equator, according to the most comprehensive study yet of the last four
reversals.' ... 'The Earth's magnetic field is generated by the flow of
liquid iron, an electrical conductor, in the Earth's outer core,
between 3000 and 5000 kilometres beneath the surface. It is therefore
likely that some change in the flow causes the reversals.'
Brazil Says Its Nuke Program Is Peaceful // nuclear diplomacy...
<http://www.newsday.com/news/nationworld/world/wire/sns-ap-brazil-
nuclear-program,0,3918837.story?coll=sns-ap-world-headlines>
'Amorim said Brazil's nuclear program is exclusively aimed at the
production of cheap energy and that the "country must have the right to
protect its own technology."' .. '"Brazil is complying with all its
international obligations" pertaining to its nuclear program and
reports indicating otherwise are "groundless," Amorim told reporters.'
.. 'He said the world's nuclear powers should make a concerted effort
toward nuclear disarmament instead of focusing their attention on
countries like Brazil that do not have nuclear weapons.' ... 'One of
Brazil's top nuclear scientists, however, accused government officials
of "abusing the concept of national sovereignty."'
'Armageddon' Plan Was Put Into Action on 9/11, Clarke Says //
drudgereport.com
<http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A55877-2004Apr6.html>
'An "Armageddon" program designed to ensure that the federal
government would continue to function in the aftermath of a nuclear war
was put into place during the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.' ...
'Clarke told the program: "Every federal agency was ordered, on the
morning of 9/11, to activate an alternative command post, an
alternative headquarters outside of Washington, D.C., and to staff it
as soon as possible." The former administration official also said he
has participated in regular exercises over the past 20 years in which
he has "gone off into caves in mountains in remote locations and spent
days on end in miserable conditions, pretending that the rest of the
world had blown up, and going through the questions, going through the
drill. . . . Everyone there play acts that it's really happened. You
can't go outside because of the radioactivity. You can't use the phones
because they're not connected to anything."' .. 'Mann, whose book "Rise
of the Vulcans" was excerpted last month by Atlantic Monthly, reported
that Richard B. Cheney, then a Wyoming congressman, and Donald H.
Rumsfeld, then a drug industry executive, were heavily involved in
shaping the program during the 1980s. Both men, who were also former
White House chiefs of staff, participated in the mock disaster
exercises, which included convoys of lead-lined trucks carrying
sophisticated communications gear to the secret locations.'
Oman's Oil Yield Long in Decline, Shell Data Show
<http://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/08/business/08OIL.html>
'While Oman represents a small part of Shell's reserves, oil industry
experts say the company's experience there highlights broader questions
about the future role of Western oil companies and their technology in
the Persian Gulf, which has most of the world's oil reserves.' ...
'This sober internal analysis differs from optimistic public statements
by Shell that continued even after news of production difficulties
began to circulate outside the company.'
4 Injured As Blast Rocks N.M. Refinery // via drudgereport.com
<http://www.newsday.com/news/nationworld/wire/sns-ap-refinery-
explosion,0,6647403,print.story?coll=sns-ap-nationworld-headlines>
---------------------------------------------------
02-- electromagnetic health & safety
---------------------------------------------------
Mobile phones 'harm blood cells' -- Mobile phone radiation may damage
cells
by increasing the forces they exert on each other, scientists have said.
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3605203.stm>
'The conventional view has been that radio waves could only damage a
cell if they were energetic enough to break chemical bonds or "cook"
tissue.' .. 'But radiation given off by mobile phone handsets is too
weak to do this.' ... 'The simplified mathematical model investigated
the effect of electromagnetic radiation in the field of 850 megahertz -
about the range used by mobile phones - on the blood cells.' .. 'The
molecules all ended up with their poles aligned in the same direction.
The forces between the cells unexpectedly jumped by about 11 orders of
magnitude.'
Poisoned? -- Shocking report reveals local troops
may be victims of america's high-tech weapon // DU-dust
<http://www.nydailynews.com/news/story/180332p-156685c.html>
'Several Army studies in recent years have concluded that the
low-level radiation emitted when shells containing DU explode poses no
significant dangers. But some independent scientists and a few of the
Army's own reports indicate otherwise.'
[and] GIs tested for depleted uranium exposure
<http://salon.com/news/wire/2004/04/05/uranium/>
'Of nine members of the unit examined by a doctor at the request of
the New York Daily News, four had "almost certainly" inhaled
radioactive dust from spent U.S. artillery shells containing depleted
uranium, the newspaper reported Monday.' ... 'Depleted uranium, which
is left over from the process of enriching uranium for use as nuclear
fuel, is an extremely dense material that the U.S. and British
militaries use for tank armor and armor-piercing weapons. It is far
less radioactive than natural uranium.'
Surgeons Who Play Video Games Err Less
<http://apnews.excite.com/article/20040407/D81PUN100.html>
'Each doctor completed three video game tasks that tested such factors
as motor skills, reaction time and hand-eye coordination.' ... 'Kurt
Squire, a University of Wisconsin researcher of video game effects on
learning, said that "with a video game, you can definitely develop
timing and a sense of touch, as well as a very intuitive feel for
manipulating devices."'
Brain Activity, Including Memory-processing, Changes In Tourette
Syndrome
<http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/04/040406083500.htm>
---------------------------------------------------
03-- electromagnetic trash & treasure
---------------------------------------------------
Energy dept. threatens no nuclear cleanup // VP? #1 national security
risk area.
<http://salon.com/news/wire/2004/04/08/energy_dept/>
'Sen. Patty Murray, D-Wash., reminded her that some people have
characterized the department's strategy as "blackmail" in an attempt to
get the federal nuclear waste law changed and circumvent the federal
court ruling. The Energy Department is appealing that court case, but
would prefer Congress change the law.' ... '"They didn't get their way
in court, so now they want the law changed," Murray said in an
interview. "Everyone is for accelerated cleanup as long as it's done in
a way that protects workers' safety and we don't cut corners."' .. 'The
waste, some in leaking tanks, has been described as a "witch's brew of
radioactivity" left over from nuclear reprocessing....'
Intel to Launch Environmentally Friendly Chips // almost lead-free.
<http://www.reuters.com/
newsArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=RYR0HA5D2I2SWCRBAEKSFEY?type=technologyNews
&storyID=4774384§ion=news>
The Ends of the Earth: 5 reasons why the planet is going to hell.
<http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.04/
view.html?pg=4?tw=wn_tophead_5>
---------------------------------------------------
04-- electromagnetic security & surveillance
---------------------------------------------------
Experts offer Unix virus warnings // via macsurfer.com
<http://www.macworld.co.uk/news/main_news.cfm?NewsID=8389>
'Every computer user has seen their in-box clogged with infected
emails in recent weeks, and there's a host of viral miscreants to
blame. While the commonest viruses only infect Windows, Mac users can
still pass infected mails on. The problem is colossal, experts agree,
and is likely to grow worse.'
Call waiting: Cell phone interference disrupts some police, fire radios
//drudge
<http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/news/archive/2004/04/
05/national1530EDT0646.DTL&type=printable>
'Radios used by police, firefighters and other first responders
broadcast on the same 800 megahertz broadcast spectrum as cell phones.
So, for example, if a radio dispatch is made at 850 MHz near a cell
tower broadcasting at 851 MHz, the radio signal can get drowned out.'
Security scare for business laptops // wi-fi insecurities
<http://news.ft.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=FT.com/StoryFT/
FullStory&c=StoryFT&cid=1079420167575&p=1012571727085>
Email attack could kill servers // echo-crash
<http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99994858>
---------------------------------------------------
05-- electromagnetic power & energy
---------------------------------------------------
Orange Farm Residents Receive Electricity (Pretoria)
<http://allafrica.com/stories/200404050804.html>
'Speaking at the event Minister Mlambo-Ncguka said government had
taken a resolve to better people's lives through such programmes.' ..
'She said the electricity provided, would go a long way in ensuring
that residents of Orange Farm led an improved life.' .. '"Now we longer
use candles but we'll press buttons instead," she said, urging
residents to use electricity economically.'
[and] Rural Municipality to Provide Free Basic Electricity
<http://allafrica.com/stories/200404070289.html>
'The King Sabata Dalindyebo Municipality in the Eastern Cape has
started rolling out a free basic electricity service to benefit close
to 20 000 people in the municipality.' ... 'One of the beneficiaries,
Ms Nkosazana Simile, who is a domestic worker expressed gratitude at
the municipality, saying she could not wait to see how the service
would dramatically change her life.'
[and] Fishermen to Benefit From Electricity Plan (Nairobi)
<http://allafrica.com/stories/200404050411.html>
'Energy Minister Ochillo Ayacko said the move would help fishermen
access cold storage facilities for their catch and stabilise the prices
of fish.' ... 'Ayacko said the rural electrification programme would
also be extended to the main market centres in the country, in a move
aimed at boosting wealth creation and reducing poverty.'
Officials Warn Blackout Could Be Repeated // via drudgereport.com
<http://apnews.myway.com/article/20040405/D81OP4CO0.html>
'The power industry's disregard of its rules intended to ensure the
reliable flow of electricity contributed significantly to last summer's
blackout in eight states and Canada, investigators said Monday in their
final report.' .. 'Another major outage could happen unless
reliability regulations, with clear penalties for violators, are put in
place, according to the report by a joint U.S.-Canadian task force.' ..
'It also recommended more independence for the private
industry-sponsored group that writes voluntary requirements for power
grids.' ... '"First and foremost, compliance with reliability rules
must be made mandatory with substantial penalties for noncompliance,"
said Abraham and Canadian Natural Resource Minister John Efford, who
led the task force.'
German Electricity May Jump as French Strike Diverts Supplies
<http://quote.bloomberg.com/apps/
news?pid=10000100&sid=aYTEQ02Cn.Po&refer=germany>
---------------------------------------------------
06-- electromagnetic current & human affairs
---------------------------------------------------
Administration wages war on pornography // mediating-morality
Obscenity: For the first time in 10 years, the U.S. government is
spending millions to file charges across the count // via
drudgereport.com
<http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bal-
te.obscenity06apr06,0,3004361.story?coll=bal-home-headlines>
'Lam Nguyen's job is to sit for hours in a chilly, quiet room devoid
of any color but gray and look at pornography. This job, which Nguyen
does earnestly from 9 to 5, surrounded by a half-dozen other "computer
forensic specialists" like him, has become the focal point of the
Justice Department's operation to rid the world of porn.' ... 'Drew
Oosterbaan, chief of the division in charge of obscenity prosecutions
at the Justice Department, says officials are trying to send a message
and halt an industry they see as growing increasingly "lawless." ..
'"We want to do everything we can to deter this conduct" by producers
and consumers, Oosterbaan said. "Nothing is off the table as far as
content."' ... 'Any move against mainstream pornography could affect
large telephone companies offering broadband Internet service or the
dozens of national credit card companies providing payment services to
pornographic Web sites.' .. 'Cable television, meanwhile, which has
found late-night lineups with "adult programming" highly profitable, is
unlikely to budge, and such companies have powerful friends.' ... 'In a
speech in 2002, Ashcroft made it clear that the Justice Department
intends to try. He said pornography "invades our homes persistently
though the mail, phone, VCR, cable TV and the Internet," and has
"strewn its victims from coast to coast."' .. 'Given the millions of
dollars Americans are spending each month on adult cable television,
Internet sites and magazines and videos, many may see themselves not as
victims but as consumers, with an expectation of rights, choices and
privacy.'
---------------------------------------------------
07-- electromagnetic transport & communication
---------------------------------------------------
Cell Phone Use In National Parks Debated
Managers Weigh Public Safety, Serenity // via drudgereport.com
<http://www.newsnet5.com/travelgetaways/2975078/detail.html>
'Clever' car to solve congestion // micro-cars. (front ski needed for
snow?)
A three-wheeled car that measures just one metre across and carries two
people
could be the answer to our growing traffic crisis, its developers say.
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3610083.stm>
Titan Casts Revealing Shadow // x-raying Saturn's moon's atmosphere...
<http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/04/040406084125.htm>
'The X-ray brightness and extent of the Crab Nebula made it possible
to study the tiny X-ray shadow cast by Titan during its transit. By
using Chandra to precisely track Titan's position, astronomers were
able to measure a shadow one arcsecond in diameter, which corresponds
to the size of a dime as viewed from about two and a half miles.'
---------------------------------------------------
08-- electromagnetic matter & information
---------------------------------------------------
Solar wind sampler seals its scoops // amazing.
<http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99994859>
'NASA's wayfaring Genesis spacecraft has scooped up its last
high-energy particle from the Sun, after collecting ions from the solar
wind for two and a half years.' ... 'On 1 April, the lid was tightened
on a canister containing the spacecraft's sapphire, silicon, gold, and
diamond collector arrays. These are expected to hold 10^20 ions, the
equivalent of just 0.4 milligrams of protons, electrons, and ions of
heavier elements such as helium and oxygen.'
Lack of electricity hinders people from accessing ICT (Botswana)
<http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/
news.cgi?d=20040406&i=Lack_of_electricity_hinders_people_from_accessing_
ICT>
'We have come a long way in the promotion and use of [Information and
Communication Technology] in SADC, we still have a long way to go. The
challenges highlighted above simply mean that SADC has a lot to do
before we can establish a region-wide SADC Information Society.''
Muchanga stated: "You being our policy initiators and advisors are
encouraged to deliberate on the efforts and cultural adjustments
required in promoting and harmonising the development and integration
processes of the SADC region."'
---------------------------------------------------
09-- electromagnetic trends & inventions
---------------------------------------------------
// minus the falsely benign utopianism, this may describe a situation
// reminscent of the need for rural electrification to subsidize getting
// an infrastructure to far reaches of geographic (farming) communities.
// in this case, it is settled farming lands for sprawl, dispersed over
// great distances (impossible to wire efficiently, it would seem,
versus
// things like satellite) and how 'broadband' and 'power' may deal with
it.
// the more distributed, the harder it would be for a centralized energy
// system to get power to places unless they exist along rights-of-ways.
// (sidenote: this utopia is also killing the wilderness and farmlands,
// and is feeding the need for more oil (to drive) and energy (to
live).)
// i.e. such patterns could limit the future potential to network places
// due to limited resources and inabilities to move goods throughout it.
Our Sprawling, Supersize Utopia // unsustainable .US settlement
movement...
<http://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/04/magazine/
04EXURBAN.html?pagewanted=all&position=>
'Ninety percent of the office space built in America by the end of the
1990's was built in suburbia, much of it in far-flung office parks
stretched along the Interstates.' ... '...It's as if Zeus came down and
started plopping vast developments in the middle of farmland and the
desert overnight. Boom! A master planned community. Boom! A big-box
mall....' ... 'The suburbs themselves are conservative utopias, where
people go because they imagine orderly and perfect lives can be led
there.'
Ancient Greeks Help Scientists Build Environmentally Friendly Nano
Devices
<http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/04/040406085508.htm>
'A new generation of materials inspired by the ancient Greeks have
been developed by scientists for use in miniaturised devices. The
materials are robust, flexible films with perforations on the nano
scale and have nano coatings. They are environmentally safe and will
enable ultra-fast optoelectronic communication. They are produced by
the self-assembly of an intricate 3D jigsaw which is then filled with
solid metal or active plastic using the same technology used for
plating jewellery. This new technique has been inspired by the lost-wax
casting process used by the ancient Greeks for sculpture, but scaled
down by a factor of one million.'
---------------------------------------------------
10-- electromagnetic weaponry & warfare
---------------------------------------------------
IAEA raps Iran's nuclear stance -- IAEA chief Mohammad ElBaradei
says Iran has not been co-operating as openly and quickly as it
should to dispel claims that it wants to build nuclear weapons.
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3602217.stm>
'Iran insists that its nuclear programme is peaceful and only aimed at
producing electricity.'
[and] Iran agrees to nuclear timetable // nuclear diplomacy...
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3602217.stm>
'Mr ElBaradei said five hours of talks with Iranian officials had
produced "welcome and positive steps" to end doubts about Iran's
nuclear ambitions.' ... 'He identified two key issues to be discussed:
the origin of the highly enriched uranium found in the country and the
purpose of nuclear centrifuges which could be used to produce
weapons-grade material.'
[and] Iran Vows to Show It's Not Building Nukes
<http://www.newsday.com/news/nationworld/world/wire/sns-ap-iran-
nuclear-agency,0,1786096.story?coll=sns-ap-world-headlines>
'Following talks with Iranian officials, ElBaradei said the Islamic
state promised to clear up any suspicions by mid-May -- ahead of a June
deadline. He said Tehran has promised to give him all information
regarding its present and future nuclear activities.' ... '"There is a
growing feeling that the Iranians are playing games instead of honoring
pledges of full disclosure," one diplomat said Monday, speaking on
condition of anonymity.'
[and] IAEA: Iran Plans to Build Heavy Water Reactor
<http://www.voanews.com/article.cfm?objectID=F70AF2CB-D61A-4E8A-
98B26C0F0411C53A>
'A design for large pieces of equipment, known as hot cells, should
have been declared, but drawings supplied by Iran contained no
reference to such cells. When confronted with this, Iran acknowledged
that two hot cells had been foreseen, but neither the design nor
detailed information was available.' .. 'Iran claims this type of
reactor can be used both for medical and industrial purposes or for
producing plutonium for weapons.' .. 'Western diplomats say a
heavy-water reactor is a huge investment and there is no justification
for such an outlay for civilian use.'
[and] Diplomats: Iran Plans New Reactor in June
<http://www.guardian.co.uk/worldlatest/story/0,1280,-3950837,00.html>
'One diplomat said the planned 40-megawatt reactor could produce
enough plutonium for a nuclear weapon each year, an amount experts
commonly say is 8.8 pounds.' ... '``We feel strongly that there is no
need for indigenous heavy water in Iran,'' said a Western diplomat,
also speaking on condition of anonymity. ``It's not necessary and
highly suspicious.''' ... 'Seeking to counter accusations of continued
deceit, Iran on Tuesday pledged to deliver a complete dossier to the
IAEA detailing all its present and future nuclear activities by the end
of April, ElBaradei said.'
Hungary blocks Nato radar project -- Hungary's defence ministry
has ordered a halt to the construction of a Nato radar station
on a nature reserve after protests by environmentalists.
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3602605.stm>
---------------------------------------------------
11-- electromagnetic business & economics
---------------------------------------------------
Lea Fastow withdraws Enron plea agreement
<http://www.salon.com/news/wire/2004/04/07/fastow/>
'Lea Fastow's action throws into question a plea arrangement with her
husband, who was to have faced 10 years in prison on two counts of
conspiracy and had agreed to cooperate with prosecutors pursuing cases
against higher-ups.'
EU, Japan ask for consultation over China's tax on semiconductors
<http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2004-04/05/content_1402015.htm>
Largest Computer Products & Services Firms Ranked on How They Treat
Online Customers in Spring 2004 Online Customer Respect Study //
macsurfer.com
<http://home.businesswire.com/portal/site/home/index.jsp?epi-
content=GENERIC&newsId=20040405005076&newsLang=en&beanID=202776713&viewI
D=news_view>
When Play Money Becomes Real // currency of online games...
<http://www.wired.com/news/games/0,2101,62929,00.html?tw=wn_tophead_5>
'Kramer adds that Sony Online's objections are based mostly on the
idea that such trafficking isn't fair to players who've spent countless
hours in the game.' .. "From a design perspective, our developers don't
like it, because essentially what it comes down to is it rewards the
rich. It sort of cheapens the experience for people who have invested
the time in the game to get to a certain level.'
Thieves step on the gas: Facing high prices, guzzlers fuel and flee //
SUVs?
<http://news.bostonherald.com/localRegional/
view.bg?articleid=3296&format=text>
'Industry experts estimate that drive-offs - customers speeding away
without paying after filling up - are up between 200 and 300 percent in
the past year.'
---------------------------------------------------
12-- electromagnetic artworks & artifacts
---------------------------------------------------
SKY EAR by Usman Haque. Greenwich, London. // thanks *
7.00pm on May 4th, 2004 to coincide with the lunar eclipse.
<http://www.haque.co.uk/skyear/information.html>
'Sky Ear will be a one-night event in which a glowing "cloud" of
mobile phones and helium balloons is released into the air so that
people can dial into the cloud and listen to the sounds of the sky.' ..
'The cloud will be made of one thousand large helium balloons each
responding to the electromagnetic environment (created by distant
storms, mobile phones, police and ambulance radios, television
broadcasts, etc.) with coloured blue, red and yellow lights.' ...
'Using mobile phones people will be able to listen to the actual sounds
up high, the electromagnetic sounds of the sky as well as streams of
"whistlers" and "spherics" (atmospheric electromagnetic phenomena that
are the audible equivalent of the Northern Lights).Of course, the
action of calling the cloud changes the electromagnetic environment
inside and causes the balloons to vary in brightness, colour and
intensity.'
Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture // objectives.
thanks *
<http://acadia.org/>
2.1 ACADIA was formed for the purpose of facilitating communication
and information exchange regarding the use of computers in
architecture, planning and building science. A particular focus is
education and the software, hardware and pedagogy involved in education.
2.2 The organization is also committed to the research and
development of computer aides that enhance design creativity, rather
than simply production, and that aim at contributing to the
construction of humane physical environments.
[and] Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA)
<http://www.caadria.org/>
The Magic of Images: Word and Picture in a Media Age
CAMILLE PAGLIA // iconography. via drudgereport.com
<http://www.bu.edu/arion/Paglia_11.3/Paglia_Magic%20of%20Images.htm>
'Education has failed to adjust to the massive transformation in
Western culture since the rise of electronic media.' ... 'My
third and last exemplary image is that of the skull in pre-Columbian
art (fig. 3). This is another area of tremendous controversy: life-size
crystal skulls continue to be touted on New Age Web sites as Aztec,
Mayan, or Incan artifacts that allegedly function as archaic magnets or
radio receivers to capture cosmic energy and confer prophetic power
(fig. 4). These weird objects, I submit, would be highly useful for
warning students of the still-unreliable state of Web resources. My
commitment to the Web as a new frontier is unshaken.' ... 'Images like
the Aztec skull can help students bridge the vast distance between the
archaeological past and futuristic cyberspace...'
The Museum of Unworkable Devices. // via PHYS-L.
<http://www.lhup.edu/~dsimanek/museum/unwork.htm>
Circuit Benders Unlock the Long Riffs in Short-Circuits
<http://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/08/technology/circuits/08bend.html>
'Circuit bending is a hybrid of digital culture and a certain strain
of avant-garde music. The practice reflects the creative misuse of
technology pursued by hackers, as well as the do-it-yourself ethos of
computer-game players who modify popular game titles. At the same time,
it is very much in the spirit of maverick composers like Harry Partch,
who built new instruments to realize sounds he could not hear
elsewhere. Circuit bending can also be viewed as part of the fine art
movement in which everyday objects are employed for artistic purposes.'
.. 'Circuit bending has probably been around for as long as there have
been circuits...'
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