~e; Electromagnetic News & Views #93
From
brian carroll <human@electronetwork.org>
Date
Thu, 18 Mar 2004 22:54:49 -0600
===================================================
Electromagnetic News & Views -- #93
===================================================
00) Electronetwork.org Commentary (3/18/2004)
01) Top Stories of Electromagnetism
02) Electromagnetic health & safety
03) Electromagnetic trash & treasure
04) Electromagnetic security & surveillance
05) Electromagnetic power & energy
06) Electromagnetic current & human affairs
07) Electromagnetic transport & communication
08) Electromagnetic matter & information
09) Electromagnetic trends & inventions
10) Electromagnetic weaponry & warfare
11) Electromagnetic business & economics
12) Electromagnetic artworks & artifacts
===================================================
00) --commentary-- urls
===================================================
01) --top stories--
---------------------------------------------------
No Outlet? Don't Worry, an Ethernet Cable May Do // 802.3af,
Power-Over-Ethernet
<http://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/18/technology/circuits/18next.html>
'Ethernet cables cannot carry a great deal of power - just 13 watts,
under the 802.3af standard, ratified last June by the Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers. But that is enough for items like
telephones, security cameras, loudspeakers and wireless network access
points. It gives corporate dreamers hope that, one day, the snake's
nest of wires and power cables under the desk might be reduced, or even
replaced by a single cord.' ... 'Data and electricity can travel over
the same wires because they are at opposite ends of the frequency
spectrum, said Steven B. Carlson, who led the I.E.E.E. task force on
what is called the Power Over Ethernet project. Electrical power is low
frequency - 60 hertz or less. Data signaling, on the other hand, takes
place in the range of 10 million to 100 million hertz. So bits and
volts do not interfere with one another, which is why power companies
like Cinergy , which serves much of Indiana, southwestern Ohio and
northern Kentucky, are looking to supply homes with broadband Internet
access through their electrical outlets.' ... '"It's a cost-effective
way to drive devices without doing electrical upgrades. That's the real
power of it," [Mr. Williams] said.'
// that Supreme Court Judge Scalia believes this is a reasonable
position
// when clearly opposite this, casts into supreme doubt his impartiality
// in the 2000 presidential elections-- as this is clearly an absurdity.
// Mr. Scalia did give comments (in other news) about the 'activism' of
// the court system, which was probably very accurate and honest about
// the current situation. And it seems Mr. Scalia was bringing into the
// question how the courts work with regard to private political forces-
// which is interesting and necessary and great to hear publicly spoken.
// Yet, when what is being denied the public is public information about
// the safety and security of a nation at war, based on private
political
// self-interest endangers national and international security, and is,
// in effect, a decision greater than VP Cheney, Mr. Scalia, and
includes
// all .US citizens, other nations, and the future of all related
policies
// including war, natural resources, business, international relations,
etc.
// just by chance, Mr. Scalia did happen to give Mr. Cheney his current
job.
Scalia rejects recusal request in Cheney case // incredible. 'words are
cheap'.
<http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/ssistory.mpl/nation/2455581>
[and] US justice fires broadside in Cheney case // 2nd url is Judge
Scalia .pdf
<http://news.ft.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=FT.com/StoryFT/
FullStory&c=StoryFT&cid=1079419757115>
<http://www.supremecourtus.gov/opinions/03pdf/03-475.pdf>
'"Since I do not believe my impartiality can reasonably be questioned,
I do not think it would be proper for me to recuse," Justice Scalia
wrote.'
[and] Cheney's friend to rule on case
<http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,12271,1172902,00.html>
'Both Mr Scalia and Mr Cheney worked in the government when Gerald
Ford was president in the mid-1970s. Mr Scalia described Mr Cheney as
"an enthusiastic duck hunter" and as a friend "with whom I am well
acquainted".'
[and] commercials saved from Enron Shredders... // temporarily online.
fair-use
1) http://home.earthlink.net/~aetherica/whyode.asf
2) http://home.earthlink.net/~aetherica/tinman.asf
3) http://www.electronetwork.org/temp/databand.mov
4) http://home.earthlink.net/~aetherica/transmute.asf
* 5) http://home.earthlink.net/~aetherica/warming.asf
---------------------------------------------------
02-- electromagnetic health & safety
---------------------------------------------------
// having seen up-close how technology can improve peoples lives, and
// especially software for certain issues with the eyes and other kinds
// of challenges, it is always great when companies are committing parts
// of their creative efforts to human profit, enabling things otherwise
// that may go unacknowledged. early computer companies, specifically
// Apple, had for a long time had this as part of its mission. and it is
// hoped that this and other things (like information organization and
// management, to allow computers to increase free-time, not sink time)
// may have profits beyond anything 'entertainment' could ever
deliver...
// also of note is that such technology has multiple uses and developing
// it could lead to new voice control systems for home automation, etc.
Finally, Apple Speaks to the Blind // Apple does good. humans profit.
It's building innovative screen-reading technology into OS X.
That's essential for the visually impaired -- and a smart business move
<http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/mar2004/
tc20040316_6454_tc056.htm>
'Apple recognized that ALVA's decision elevated the situation to
crisis proportions and scrambled to tackle the problem. This week at
the 19th annual Technology & Persons with Disabilities Conference in
Los Angeles -- the biggest assistive-technology confab in the country
-- Jobs & Co. introduced a nifty tool to help the blind use Macs again.
Apple calls this new technology "Spoken Interface." The basic concept
is to vocalize and make audible everything that visually happens on a
desktop, just like screen-reading software.' ... '... Apple's
technology will be built right into the next version of the OS X
operating system. That will be a big help. For starters, the price is
sweet. Spoken Interface won't cost anything extra because it'll be part
of the core OS. Screen readers for Windows can run up to $1,000, on top
of the cost of the computer itself.' ... 'Apple's decision to build
Spoken Interface into OS X also hints at all sorts of promising
possibilities. Jobs & Co. plans to freely offer "application program
interfaces" (APIs) for its screen-reading modules to software
developers.'
High-tech care for elderly on display
Promoters say devices could aid self-sufficiency // via gizmodo...
<http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/ssistory.mpl/nation/2452694>
[and] RFID chips watch Grandma brush teeth
<http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99994788>
---------------------------------------------------
03-- electromagnetic trash & treasure
---------------------------------------------------
EU Smart Construction Materials to Absorb Pollution
<http://www.greenbiz.com/news/news_third.cfm?NewsID=26557>
---------------------------------------------------
04-- electromagnetic security & surveillance
---------------------------------------------------
Day the sun nearly shut down earth // via drudgereport.com
<http://www.thisislondon.com/til/jsp/modules/Article/
print.jsp?itemId=9676470>
'The solar flare last November was more than twice as big as the
previous recorded explosion - and so violent that satellite detectors
were unable to record its true scale because they were blinded by its
radiation.' .. 'It generated a massive stream of electrically charged
particles and gas which rocketed across space at two million miles per
hour, with the ability to cause unprecedented disruption to radio
transmissions and navigation systems on earth.' .. 'Until now the size
of the flare and the seismic waves which followed it was unknown, but
scientists have discovered it dwarfed the previous biggest flare in
August 1989, which plunged six million people in Quebec into an
electrical blackout.'
UN briefs US on nuclear controls
The US and the UN's nuclear watchdog have agreed to work on new rules to
curb nuclear proliferation, the UN body's chief Mohamed ElBaradei says.
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3522914.stm>
// this technology could likely be used by marketers, others, to
surveil.
Software agent targets chatroom paedophiles // Turing-test re-vision
2004
<http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99994783>
'Called ChatNannies, the software was developed in the UK by Jim
Wightman, an IT consultant from Wolverhampton in the West Midlands. It
creates thousands of sub-programs, called nanniebots, which log on to
different chatrooms and strike up conversations with users and groups
of users.' .. 'If a nanniebot detects suspicious activity it sends an
alert to Wightman and emails a transcript of the conversation. If he
considers the transcript suspicious, he contacts the relevant police
force, giving them the internet address of the suspect user.' ... 'The
nanniebots do such a good job of passing themselves off as young people
that they have proved indistinguishable from them.' ... 'Wightman
currently has 100,000 bots chatting away undetected in chatrooms - the
most he can generate on the four internet servers at his IT practice.'
---------------------------------------------------
05-- electromagnetic power & energy
---------------------------------------------------
Privatisation of electricity companies to go ahead - Jordan
<http://www.menafn.com/qn_news_story_s.asp?StoryId=44582>
'The [also approved] pipeline will be extended to Syria and Lebanon
and, at a later stage, Europe.'
OM to provide trading and clearing to pan-Iberian electricity market
<http://www.finextra.com/fullpr.asp?id=488>
'Spain and Portugal have formally signed plans to create a pan-Iberian
electricity market. The liberalization plan, known as MIBEL, will make
it possible for participants in the pan-Iberian electricity market to
buy and sell electricity on either side of the Spain/Portugal border.'
ENERGY: Running Out of Oil -- and Time. // via science-for-the-people
list
Panic will strike if we're not prepared with new technologies. By Paul
Roberts
Paul Roberts writes about the energy industry for Harper's Magazine and
other national publications. His new book, "The End of Oil: On the Edge
of a Perilous New World," will be published in May. March 7, 2004
<http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/commentary/la-op-
roberts7mar07,1,1986008.story?coll=la-news-comment-opinions>
// read about this a few days prior, in some form, and did not quite
// understand the significance. yet if related to the current rapidly
// changing oil situation (or, unusual patterns)- this could not help...
Justice Dept. Opens Inquiry Into Shell Oil // via drudgereport.com
<http://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/17/business/
17oil.html?ei=5062&en=94bee42c92ab9276&ex=1080104400&partner=GOOGLE&page
wanted=print&position=>
Electricity production at the Limerick dump? // .ie
<http://www.limerickpost.ie/dailynews.elive?id=4920&category=Daily-Thu>
Wiring up the jungle // free-day-pass required
Integrating into the global economy brought Yelapa electricity
and online booking for local bungalows. Not to mention crime,
crack cocaine and a taste of big-city bureaucracy. Editor's note:
Part 2 in a series looking at globalization in Mexico's Bay of Banderas.
<http://www.salon.com/tech/feature/2004/03/18/banderas_two/>
---------------------------------------------------
06-- electromagnetic current & human affairs
---------------------------------------------------
Mobile phone service offers help to lonely hearts
<http://www.reuters.com/locales/
newsArticle.jsp;:4058a44b:42861adf9b1cf327?type=technologyNews&locale=en
_IN&storyID=4590170>
Boondocks cartoon // on digital anarchism
<http://images.ucomics.com/comics/bo/2004/bo040317.gif>
---------------------------------------------------
07-- electromagnetic transport & communication
---------------------------------------------------
Siemens Shows New Multimedia Phones
Models include a fixed-line phone with a built-in camera and VOIP
service.
<http://www.pcworld.com/news/article/0,aid,115237,00.asp>
TI Poised To Cash In On Its HDTV Technology // DLP = Digital Light
Processing
<http://www.forbes.com/business/2004/03/17/
0317tipinnacor_ii.html?partner=yahoo&referrer=>
'[The] technology - the digital micromirror device, or DMD - uses a
million or more mirrors, each one-fifth the width of a human hair, to
generate a picture of startling clarity at lower cost than much-hyped
plasma TVs.' ... 'Larry Hornbeck , then a young TI engineer, and
colleague Ed Nelson had the idea of using a flexible, shiny membrane to
deflect a laser beam to create an image. It was a flop.' .. '"We never
could get them uniform enough to get sharp pictures," said Hornbeck,
60, who's still at TI. But, he said, the company "created a lot of
intellectual capital" in its research.' ... 'Eventually, TI created
over 500 patents related to digital light processing, Hornbeck said.'
Microsoft works on native tongues
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3522026.stm>
Rocket fuel boosts speed of transistors
<http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99994791>
---------------------------------------------------
08-- electromagnetic matter & information
---------------------------------------------------
Stunning amber butterflies hint at ancient origins
<http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99994789>
'The amber pieces come from the Dominican Republic and each contains a
perfectly preserved metalmark butterfly, which is now extinct. "It was
just incredible," says Robert Robbins, one of the researchers at the
Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC, US. "It's no different than
if you took a modern day butterfly and put it under a light
microscope."' ... 'The amber fossils themselves are between 15 to 25
million years old.'
BOOK REVIEW - Hall Effect Sensors, Theory and Application // via
electronics-q&a
<http://www.sensorsmag.com/articles/0601/64/main.shtml>
'The later chapters are an excellent in-depth discussion of some
specific real-world applications of the Hall effect. These include
simple proximity and speed sensing, DC current sensing, motor
commutation, gear tooth sensing, and rotary and linear noncontact
position sensing. In keeping with the very visual nature of
engineering, the book is richly illustrated with graphs and diagrams.'
Microsoft Apologizes to Minnesota Jurors // unusual.
<http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&cid=528&ncid=528&e=20&u=/
ap/20040317/ap_on_hi_te/microsoft_trial>
IBM's POWER Architecture Gaining Speed
<http://www.internetnews.com/ent-news/article.php/3327091>
'According to the Microprocessor Forum, POWER5 is expected to be dual
chip, but should feature multithreading features as well, which allow a
processor to run two or more parts of a program at once.' .. 'This
means it will appear to the operating system as four processors even
though it is one chip. This is similar to Intel's Hyperthreading
technology in its Pentium 4 and Xeon chips.'
---------------------------------------------------
09-- electromagnetic trends & inventions
---------------------------------------------------
NASA develops 'mind-reading' system
<http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99994795>
'A computer program which can read words before they are spoken by
analysing nerve signals in our mouths and throats, has been developed
by NASA.' ... '... Participants hooked up to the sensors thought the
words to themselves and the software correctly picked up the signals 92
per cent of the time.'
// Sony's leadership was correct about a consumer revolution in
robotics...
// if SoC, creating electronic circuits could possibly be easier to
learn.
Sony: Robotics to Drive 'Third Wave' of Chip Innovation // upgrading
electronics
<http://www.eweek.com/article2/0,1759,1549582,00.asp>
'Tsugio Makimoto, corporate adviser to Sony, said ASICs and flash
memory—not general-purpose microprocessors and DRAM—will be the
differentiating products of the third wave of innovation, which will
replace personal computers. Makimoto, famous for the so-called
"Makimoto Wave" of customization and standardization, spoke before an
audience of top chip executives at the Semico Summit here.' ...
'Makimoto has consistently argued that programmable systems-on-a-chip
(SOC) and complementary systems-in-a-package (SIP) designs will replace
the collection of chips mounted on motherboards and add-on cards in
today's PCs and other digital devices—the "third wave," which will
begin its final half cycle in 2007. Sony will target robotics and other
"cleverness-driven devices" during this third wave of innovation, he
said.' ... 'Placing a large amount of computational power inside a
small package will require investment in "jisso," a Japanese word
Makimoto has adopted to describe all aspects of SIP manufacturing. SOC
components use logic blocks arranged in a jigsaw puzzle across the
surface of a chip, which are easily connected.' .. 'SIP devices, by
contrast, are somewhat cheaper to manufacture, as they combine stacked
semiconductor dice inside of a single package....'
// is streaming media viable or will it require multiple mobile
batteries...
[and] Sony pioneers personal radio to mobile phones // audiovisual
mobilephones
<http://www.reuters.com/locales/
newsArticle.jsp?type=technologyNews&locale=en_IN&storyID=4588731>
---------------------------------------------------
10-- electromagnetic weaponry & warfare
---------------------------------------------------
Group claims truce with Spain // regarding claims of terrorist power
outages...
<http://salon.com/news/wire/2004/03/17/truce/>
'... the United States believes the group, which takes its name in
memory of al-Qaida's fallen No. 3, lacks credibility and its ties to
al-Qaida are tenuous. In the past, the group has made claims about
various events to which it was not connected -- such as blackouts last
year in the United States, Canada and London.'
Powell Touts End of Pakistani Nuke Ring
<http://www.newsday.com/news/nationworld/world/wire/sns-ap-
powell,0,5661923.story?coll=sns-ap-world-headlines>
'Secretary of State Colin Powell on Thursday brushed aside criticism
of Pakistan's handling of a black market nuclear proliferation network
and the U.S. response to it.' ... 'Powell showed impatience when he was
asked by a reporter while en route to Kuwait whether both Pakistan and
the United States were using "kid gloves" to deal with the Kahn
revelations.' ... '... Powell said Musharraf and top aides are "all
taken aback" by Kahn's crimes. "No responsible government of Pakistan
should have tolerated such a thing and I hope they did not. I hope that
it was something he was doing on his own."' .. 'Powell said U.S.
officials have not had access to Kahn. The United States considers the
case to be an internal Pakistani matter, he said.'
---------------------------------------------------
11-- electromagnetic business & economics
---------------------------------------------------
Tech titans give more to GOP // no comment.
<http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2004-03-15-techgive_x.htm>
Oil Ends at Highest Price in 13 Years // see above...
<http://www.reuters.com/
newsArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=WXKU2XGEW1RDOCRBAEKSFEY?type=businessNews&s
toryID=4590732§ion=news>
'OPEC cuts plans and rocketing Asian demand from China and India have
combined to push prices to levels which consuming countries fear could
hurt economic growth.'
[and] U.S. Oil Hits $38 as Gasoline Stocks Fall // demand rises,
supplies fall
<http://www.reuters.com/
newsArticle.jhtml?type=businessNews&storyID=4588783§ion=news>
[and] Shell Cuts Reserves as U.S. Probe Widens
<http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/nm/20040318/bs_nm/
energy_shell_dc_4>
'Shell's decision to slash its proved reserves by 20 percent in
January has already sent shockwaves through the industry, cost its two
top bosses their jobs, and wiped billions of dollars off its stock
market value.'
[and] Fund buying adds $8 premium to oil price--experts // ***
(oil-bubble)
<http://www.forbes.com/business/energy/newswire/2004/03/18/
rtr1304215.html>
'Red hot crude oil prices have surged as much as $8 per barrel above
their fair market value due to an influx of money from speculative
hedge funds, energy experts said on Thursday.' .. '"The fundamentals
are bullish but it is hard to justify $38.00 (oil prices)," said Bill
O'Grady, director of futures research at brokerage A.G. Edwards in St.
Louis. "I see the fair value at $30 to $31."' .... 'The fund money bet
on a further rise, fueled partly by fears that fresh attacks by
militants could disrupt already thin supplies. That has pushed oil
within reach of $40 a barrel -- a level widely seen as damaging to the
economies of energy consumer nations.' .. 'And there's no sign that the
bubble will soon burst.' .. '"The question is not what is going to get
(crude) to $40, it's what's going to stop it from getting to $40," said
Ed Silliere, an analyst with Energy Merchant,' ... 'The global energy
watchdog, the International Energy Agency, sounded a warning in a
report this month that keeping inventories tight with output restraints
was encouraging investment funds to speculate on continued high prices.'
[and] Oil Slips on Al Qaeda Report
<http://www.reuters.com/
newsArticle.jhtml?type=businessNews&storyID=4599976§ion=news>
'Worries over terrorism have kept oil prices at a boil in recent
weeks.'
[and] Saddam's illegal oil profits higher than estimated, U.S. says
<http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/meast/03/18/iraqi.money/>
Thomson to Shut Two U.S. TV Tube Plants // CRT screens
<http://www.boston.com/business/technology/articles/2004/03/17/
thomson_to_shut_two_us_tv_tube_plants/>
'Ninety percent of its tubes will be produced in low-cost countries
such as China and Poland in the second half of the year, the firm has
said.'
The Revenge of Sugar Water
<http://business2.blogs.com/business2blog/2004/03/the_revenge_of_.html>
EU, Microsoft Talks Collapse
<http://www.wired.com/news/business/
0,1367,62711,00.html?tw=wn_tophead_4>
U.S. files China complaint at WTO // semiconductors
<http://edition.cnn.com/2004/BUSINESS/03/18/us.china.wto.reut/>
---------------------------------------------------
12-- electromagnetic artworks & artifacts
---------------------------------------------------
// electrical generators/dynamos and lighting were the main exhibits
here.
// Le Corbusier was likely referencing these when talking about a 'new
age'
// as the photographs in his 'new architecture' show this rather
literally.
Le Corbusier's "herald of a new age": the enduring power of the Crystal
Palace
<http://www.hughpearman.com/articles5/crystalpalace.html>
// how can architectural critics continually ignore such relevant
information?
// today, aesthetic 'forms' are separated-out from its architectural
'content'.
[see] THE CRYSTAL PALACE EXHIBITION OF 1882
[and] THE CRYSTAL PALACE EXHIBITION OF 1892
<http://americanhistory.si.edu/archives/d8069e.htm>
'At the Crystal Palace Exhibition of 1882 in London, Edison displayed
a great many of his inventions, including: the steam dynamo; specimens
of street pipes and service boxes used in the Edison underground system
of conductors, and the system of house conductors with devices for
preventing abnormal increase of energy in house circuits; apparatus for
measuring the resistance of his lamps, for measuring the energy
consumed in lamps, and rheostats for restoring currents; also
thermogalvano -meters , carbon rheostats, dynamometers, photometers,
carbon regulators, Weber meters,, current regulators, and circuit
breakers for controlling electric light circuits; the carbon relay, the
pressure relay, and the expansion relay; the telegraph system in Morse
characters; and the Roman character automatic telegraph.' .. 'Thomas
Edison also exhibited the carbon telephone, the musical telephonograph,
telephone repeater, and numerous apparatus for demonstrating the method
of varying the resistance of a closed circuit by contact with carbon,
illustrative of the experimental factors of the Edison carbon
transmitter. Incandescent lamps, the process of the manufacture of
lamps, and various designs of electric light chandeliers were also on
display.' .. 'Hammer won the silver medal at the exposition for the
first complete development of the incandescent electric lamp from its
initial stages to date. At the exhibition the first hand-operated
flashing electric lamp sign was displayed, which was invented and built
by Hammer.' [and] 'The Crystal Palace Exhibition of 1892 was held in
London. Hammer displayed a great variety of products in the machine
room of the Electrical Exhibition. Sockets for controlling individual
incandescent lamps on alternating currents and the Ward Arc Lamp for
use on incandescent circuits were just a few of the items displayed.
Edison's companies displayed specimens of all types of incandescent
electric lamps for public and private illumination. They also displayed
primary batteries for use in telegraphy, telephony, household work, and
engines.'
[more] quote: Frank J. Sprague
<http://www.theelevatormuseum.org/e/e-1.htm>
'Sprague took leave to attend the Paris Electrical Exhibition and the
Crystal Palace Exhibition in Sydenham, England, where he served as the
only American member and as secretary of the jury of awards for gas
engines, dynamos and lamps.' ... "After building 584 elevators for the
tallest buildings and the largest installation -- a
half-million-dollar, 49-car contract with the Central London Tube
Railway -- Sprague sold his business to the Otis Elevator Company."
[and] William Joseph Hammer worked in Edison's company and contributed
mainly to the development of incandescent electric lamps.
<http://www.geocities.com/bioelectrochemistry/hammer.html>
'In 1882 Hammer also installed a large isolated lighting plant
containing twelve Edison dynamos at the Crystal Palace Electric
Exposition and the Edison Exhibit at the Paris Electrical Exposition.
At this time Hammer also designed and built the first electric sign.
The sign spelled the name "Edison" in electric lights, and was operated
by a hand controlled commutator and a large lever snap switch. It was
erected over the organ in the Crystal Palace concert hall.'
History of Technology -- * Exhibiting Electricity * -- K.G. Beauchamp.
Contents
<http://www.iee.org/Publish/Books/HistTech/Ht021c.cfm>
1. Origins
2. Early technology exhibitions
3. Role of the mechanics' institutes
4. The Royal Society of Arts
4.1 - The engineer in Victorian society
4.2 - The Society of Arts
4.3 - The exhibitions
4.4 - Some technical exhibits
4.5 - Award of medals
4.6 - Proposal for a national exhibition
4.7 - Arts Society exhibitions after 1851
4.8 - References
5. The Great Exhibition of 1851
5.1 - Early ideas on international exhibitions
5.2 - The Great Exhibition
5.3 - The Crystal Palace
5.4 - Later 'Crystal Palace' designs
5.5 - Organisation for the 1851 exhibition
5.6 - Classification and selection of exhibits
5.7 - The electrical exhibits
5.7.1 - The telegraph
5.7.2 - Motors and generators
5.7.3 - Other electrical exhibits
5.8 - Electrical exhibits from abroad
5.9 - Aftermath of the Great Exhibition
5.10 - References
6. British exhibitions after 1851
6.1 - National and international exhibitions
6.2 - The 1862 International Exhibition
6.3 - The electrical exhibits
6.4 - Later British exhibitions, 1870 1890
6.5 - References
7. International exhibitions abroad
8. Influence of electrical power generation
9. Specialist electrical exhibitions
...
9.2 - International Exposition of Electricity, Paris, 1881
9.3 - The Crystal Palace and Westminster Aquarium Electrical
Exhibitions, 1881 1883
...
9.8 - The Second Crystal Palace Electrical Exhibition, 1892
...
10. Dominance of technology
11. Exhibitions between the Wars
12. Electricity and the public
13. The modern era
13.1 - World fairs and trade fairs a new dichotomy
...
13.4 - New York World's Fair, 1964 1965
13.5 - Expo '67, Montreal, 1967
...
14. Trade fairs
15. Epilogue
15.1 - A summary
15.2 - Influence of information technology
15.3 - Computer networking the Internet
15.4 - Internet 1996 World Exposition
15.5 - Exhibition planning for the future
15.6 - Beyond 2000: exhibitions for the 21st century
15.7 - Changes in the characteristics of world fairs
15.8 - References
Index
// none of these events at the Crystal Palace have anything whatsoever
to do
// with Le Corbusier's focus on architecture as 'a machine for living
in'...?
// why did The Crow use images of dynamos, turbines, and lighting in
the book?
// i.e. electrical light, power, heat, elevators, appliances, etc. odd,
hmm.
// architectural history has deleted electromagnetism from cultural
analyses.
[and] The Life of Thomas Edison. Part 2: Thomas Edison - Telegraph Work
<http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/
bledisonbiography1telegraph.htm>
'In order to prove its viability, the first commercial electric light
system was installed on Pearl Street in the financial district of Lower
Manhattan in 1882, bordering City Hall and two newspapers. Initially,
only four hundred lamps were lit; a year later, there were 513
customers using 10,300 lamps. Edison formed several companies to
manufacture and operate the apparatus needed for the electrical
lighting system: the Edison Electric Illuminating Company of New York,
the Edison Machine Works, the Edison Electric Tube Company, and the
Edison Lamp Works. This lighting system was also taken abroad to the
Paris Lighting Exposition in 1881, the Crystal Palace in London in
1882, the coronation of the czar in Moscow, and led to the
establishment of companies in several European countries.'
Turning Energy Into Pretty Things // visualizing EM
<http://www.wired.com/news/medtech/0,1286,62681,00.html?tw=wn_tophead_4>
UNESCO World Heritage Sites // stunning QTVR movies, spectacular!
thanks *
There are 754 cultural and natural sites inscribed on the World
Heritage List.
<http://www.world-heritage-tour.org/list.html>
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